Text for question.
Fighting inequality and poverty requires a more humane view of economics
January 30, 2017
1 When influential charity Oxfam published its report, "An Economy for the 1%", it was well timed to coincide with 2017’s January meeting of the world’s rich and powerful at the Swiss ski resort of Davos.
2 Oxfam’s findings were widely discussed, including in a weekly news magazine aimed at eight to 14-year-olds. Much of this discussion focused on the report’s headline statistics, which told us most strikingly that "since 2015, the richest 1% has owned more wealth than the rest of the planet". Or that the eight richest men in the world own as much wealth as 3.6 billion people – about half of the world’s population. It also pointed out that the incomes of the poorest 10% increased by less than US$3 a year between 1988 and 2011, while the incomes of the richest 1% increased 182 times as much.
3 These figures are certainly startling. But in response, the Adam Smith Institute questioned Oxfam’s interpretation of the existing data and its focus on the wealth of the rich rather than the welfare of the poor. Growth in the income of those at the bottom, the related reduction in global poverty and improvements in life expectancy, were the key issues for the economic think tank.
4 The Adam Smith Institute is quite right to highlight the progress that has been made in reducing global inequality and poverty. The gap between the global rich and the global poor is indeed closing when all these factors are taken into account. As the expert on global inequality Branko Milanovic notes, since 2000, and for the first time in modern history, global inequality has been on the wane.
5 The overall level of global inequality, however, remains alarmingly high, as does income inequality within nations. Income inequality in the member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for example, "remains at record high levels despite improving employment rates. The picture outside of the OECD is similar". Economic growth in countries such as India, China and Brazil, has been rapid, but not inclusive.
6 Yet according to the World Bank, the economic development of India and China, together with Indonesia, has contributed significantly to a reduction in the number of people living globally in extreme poverty. That number is now below 800m, or 10.7% of the world’s population. Since 2008, income inequality within countries has declined in more countries than it has increased. However, the positionof those people that have been lifted out of extreme poverty is precarious. The most disadvantaged people globally, specifically women and children, have benefited little from recent progress. They remain trapped in extreme poverty.
7 The threat posed by inequality to the goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030 has been well highlighted. So too, has the relationship between inequality, poverty and the "global public bads" of climate change, pandemics and conflict. The threat posed by inequality to the future of capitalism and the fabric of democratic society has also been recognized. So, while there has been significant progress in reducing both global inequality and global poverty, the future is uncertain and there is still work to do.
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Disponível em: http://theconversation.com/fighting-inequality-and-poverty-requires-a-more-humane-view-of-economicsAccess in: June/2019. Adapted.
Observe os trechos a seguir:
• Income inequality in the member states of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for example, "remains at record high levels despite improving employment rates.(...)" (5º parágrafo)
• Yet according to the World Bank, the economic development of India and China, together with Indonesia, has contributed significantly to a reduction in the number of people living globally in extreme poverty. (6º parágrafo)
• However, the position of those people that have been lifted out of extreme poverty is precarious. (6º parágrafo)
• So, while there has been significant progress in reducing both global inequality and global poverty, the future is uncertain and there is still work to do. (7º parágrafo)
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