THE OBESITY-HUNGER PARADOX by SAM DOLNICK
When most people think of hunger ∈America, the images that leap to mind are of are of ragged toddlers ∈Appalachia or rail-thin children ∈ dingy apartments reaching for empty bottles of milk. But a recent survey found that the most severe hungerrelated problems ∈ the nation are ∈ the South Bronx, one of the country’s capitals of obesity. Experts say these are not parallel problems persisting ∈ side-by-side neighborhoods, but plagues often seen ∈ the same households, even the same person: the hungriest people ∈America today, statistically speaking, may well be not sickly skinny, but excessively fat.
Call it the Bronx Paradox. “Hunger and obesity are often flip sides to the same malnutrition coin,” said Joel Berg, executive director of the New York City Coalition Against Hunger. “Hunger is certainly almost an exclusive symptom of poverty. And extra obesity is one of the symptoms of poverty.” The Bronx has the city’s highest rate of obesity, with residents facing an estimated 85 percent higher risk of being obese than people ∈Manhattan.
But the Bronx also faces stubborn hunger problems. According to a survey released ∈January by the Food Research and Action Center, nearly 37 percent of residents ∈ the 16th Congressional District, which encompasses the South Bronx, said they lacked money to buy food at some point ∈ the past 12 months. That is more than any other Congressional district ∈ the country and twice the national average.
Full-service, reasonably priced supermarkets are rare ∈ impoverished neighborhoods, and the ones that are there tend to carry more processed foods than seasonal fruits and vegetables. “When you’re just trying to get your calorie intake, you’re going to get what fills your belly,” said Mr. Berg, the author of “All You Can Eat: How Hungry Is America?” “And that may make you heavier even as you’re really struggling to secure enough food.”
Bloomberg administration officials see hunger and obesity as linked problems that can be addressed ∈ part by making healthful food more affordable. “It’s a subtle, complicated link, but they’re very much linked, so the strategic response needs to be linked ∈ various ways,” said Linda I. Gibbs, the deputy mayor for health and human services. “We tackle the challenge on three fronts — providing income supports, increasing healthy options and encouraging nutritious behavior.”
To that end, the city offers a Health Bucks program that encourages people to spend their food stamps at farmers’ markets by giving them an extra 2couponforevery5 spent there. The city has also created initiatives to send carts selling fresh fruits and vegetables to poor neighborhoods, and to draw grocery stores carrying fresh fruit and produce to low-income areas by offering them tax credits and other incentives.
But the Bronx’s hunger and obesity problems are not simply related to the lack of fresh food. Experts point to a swirling combination of factors that are tied to, and exacerbated by, poverty. Poor people “often work longer hours and work multiple jobs, so they tend to eat on the run,” said Dr. Rundle of Columbia. “They have less time to work out or exercise, so the deck is really stacked against them.” Indeed, the food insecurity study is hardly the first statistical measure ∈ which the Bronx lands on the top — or, ∈ reality, the bottom. The borough’s 14.1 percent unemployment rate is the highest ∈ the state. It is one of the poorest counties ∈ the nation. And it was recently ranked the unhealthiest of New York’s 62 counties. “If you look at rates of obesity, diabetes, poor access to grocery stores, poverty rates, unemployment and hunger measures, the Bronx lights up on all of those,” said Triada Stampas of the Food Bank for New York City. “They’re all very much interconnected.”
Http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/nyregion/14hunger.html
Ao mencionar a parcela mais pobre da população o Dr. Rundle afirma que “They have less time to work out or exercise, so the deck is really stacked against them.” A metáfora em negrito é formada ao traçar um paralelo entre a situação dessas pessoas e:
