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The distance from home that kids are allowed to wander around and play has shrunk significantly over the last 50 years. That’s largely due to parents’ concerns over safety, especially ∈ cities. More recently, the covid-19 pandemic has further influenced children’s independent activity. Researchers findings have suggested that children who are allowed to roam by themselves farther away from their homes are likely to become better, more confident navigators as adults than children who are more restricted.
When a person visualizes their neighborhood, takes a shortcut to work or explores an unfamiliar city, they use spatial navigation. This is also called wayfinding. Wayfinding is an essential part of intelligence as well as a survival skill for any person or animal who has to travel to find food, water, shelter or mates.
But how individuals navigate their environment can vary. For example, some people pay close attention to landmarks such as stop signs or buildings. This is called route information. Others prefer to use cardinal directions or global reference points like the Sun as a guide. These are examples of orientation information.
Most people combine both navigational styles. However, individuals who rely primarily on a route strategy are slower and less efficient navigators. That could be because route cues are less stable than cardinal directions. For example, the highway billboard a person normally uses to know which exit to take can be replaced, but which way north is remains the same no matter where someone is located.
(Vanessa Vieites. www.theconversation.com, 29.07.2021. Adaptado.)
De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, a distância que crianças são autorizadas a manter de casa, para brincar ou passear,
