The art of difference
Mutuality ∈ recognizing and negotiating difference is crucial for people to deal with their past and
the future; it is also essential ∈ the process of creating a culture of responsibility. How can this
be achieved and what is the role of art ∈ this process?
A vision based on ideologies solves both challenges of sharing – the interpretation of the past
[5] and the projections of the future. But ideologies are somehow “total”, if not totalitarian, because
there is not much for serious public negotiation. Individuals, then, lose their integrity or are
restricted to their private spheres and, ∈ the end, their memories become part of the dominant
identity discourse, their aspirations are delegated. Even ∈ less obvious systems of ideological
rule, where individual subscription to the official story line seems to be consciously voluntary and
[10] collective memories are willingly encouraged for the sake of collective identities, the negotiation
of difference is often not welcome: exclusion happens quickly 2and non-conformist doubts produce
suspicion.
A democratic vision – shared aspirations for the future, based on negotiated interpretations of
the past that respect diversity – is necessarily found ∈ complex processes of private and public
[15] discourse and participatory and inclusive culture. Yet, politics tends to reduce complexity and
engineer the balance between the individual and the collective rather than invest ∈ processes of
negotiation. We have learned, 11though, that this social engineering is a phantasm, largely limited
and limiting, and, even if successful, often creates paranoid and fatal structures of homogeneity
by trying to mould memories and hopes.
[20] Humankind has gathered impressive knowledge about the limitations of the human will and
the failures of such “engineering”. Nevertheless, despite this, and maybe even because of it,
we cannot give up trying the impossible: to create conditions for equality and solidarity for
individuals to flourish. These conditions should be accompanied by narratives of a just, fair and
free commonwealth of all. If history and memory seem to make this dream an unlikely scenario,
[25] can art play this part?
The role of art is precisely to keep inspiration alive, to deconstruct ideology, to 5recall the necessary
dream of freedom, of the individual and of the common good beyond the “either/or” and beyond
simplicity. In this sense, art ∈ general prevents false hopes, and thus generates hope ∈ the most
paradoxical way: the only way of hoping that reaches beyond the private sphere without some
[30] kind of ideological distortion.
What makes art so unique? And why? Because the best narratives of art are purpose-free,
uniquely non-instrumental, simply human. Art narrates what we don’t understand ∈ enlightened
ways. Artists ∈ particular offer a wealth of unseen perspectives and unexpected pathways of
human exploration. Art makes us aware that all memories are personal, despite the power of
[35] collective narratives. Arts and culture empower people to think freely, to imagine the unimagined,
to feel responsible across borders and boundaries. Hopefully, the narratives of the future will be
intercultural – and art will be the ally ∈ the art of difference that needs to be further developed.
“Art is about difference, art is difference”, as stated by Igor Dobricic*. And it is difference that will
be at the origin of the new bonding narratives of confidence.
Gottfried Wagner alliancepublishing.org
The author criticizes the first vision of negotiation of difference ∈ society.
This criticism is related to ideologies having the following characteristic:
