Questão 24

Are wild animals afraid of humans? Crocodiles, sharks, snakes, tigers, lions are but a few of the animals that evoke a sense of fear in humans. Attacks by these animals are always widely splashed across the media, giving further merit to these fears. But are we actually more scared of them than they are of us? And do we perhaps have reason to be? Wild animals are afraid of humans. Studies have shown that even apex predators change their eating patterns and habits when they perceive humans to be around. We are the only super predator that $\exists$ on this planet. Through conditioning, animals have come to instinctually fear our very existence. In Santa Cruz, California, a study was directed. The scientists wished to determine how much impact the perception of human presence would have on the predators in the area, namely the mountain lion, bobcat, opossum and skunk. The scientists broadcasted human voices in certain areas while they used the sound of tree frogs in other regions as a control. The results were alarming in that the predators changed their habits more than expected, when they perceived humans to be present. Mountain lions would leave their kill if they heard voices and deliberately avoided the areas where they believed there was human activity. The skunk and opossum foraged less, and the bobcat became solely nocturnal. Some might suggest that our upright stance and forward-facing eyes have animals understanding that we are a predator and a threat, but it is more than just how we look that has them running for the hills. Through centuries of hunting and destroying their habitat their fear of us has become instinctual. We are the annihilators, super destroyers of the earth and its wildlife. We have taught animals that we are the most destructive and deadly species on the planet and this conditioned them to fear us. The human population kills nine times as many carnivores as they kill each other and four times more middle food web animals than large carnivores do. We are one of the few animals capable of distorting ecosystem functioning and eradicating species. In most scenarios, the mere presence of a human will have wild animals darting away. Even in some extreme situations where animals show aggression, if humans stand their ground and make noise, the result is often the animal showing one final act of defiance before they move off back into their natural habitat. But although wild animals will choose to run away most of the time, rather than standing against or going after us, this is not always the case. A threatened animal will fight against us to defend itself, and chances are you, with your lack of claws, blunt teeth and squishy body, will come off second best. Despite our destructive behavior, an unarmed human has almost no defense against an animal. Fear incites violence and animals will react aggressively if they feel threatened. We might be the mighty super predator, but ultimately we are no match for Mother Nature when she chooses to fight back. Adaptado de nayturr.com.

But are we actually more scared of them than they are of us? And do we perhaps have reason to be? (l. 3)

In relation to the second paragraph (l. 4-6), the fragment above fullfills the function below: