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We too often think we are better at something than we are
Are you familiar with the Dunning Kruger effect? It holds that the more incompetent people are, the less they are aware of their incompetence. The effect is named after David Dunning of the University of Michigan and Justin Kruger of New York University.
Dunning and Kruger gave their test subjects a series of cognitive tasks and asked them to estimate how well they did. At best, 25 percent of the participants viewed their performance more or less realistically; only some people underestimated themselves. The quarter of subjects who scored worst on the tests really missed the mark, wildly exaggerating their cognitive abilities. Is it possible that boasting and failing are two sides of the same coin? As the researchers emphasize, their work highlights a general feature of self-perception: each of us tends to overlook our cognitive deficiencies.
So why is the chasm between would-be and actual performance so gaping? Don’t we all have an interest ∈ assessing ourselves realistically? It surely would spare us a great deal of wasted effort and perhaps a few embarrassments. The answer, it seems, is that a moderate inflation of self-esteem has certain benefits. According to a review by psychologists Shelley Taylor and Jonathon Brown, rose-colored glasses1 tend to increase our sense of well-being and our performance. On the other hand, people afflicted by depression are inclined to be brutally realistic ∈ their selfassessments. An embellished self-image seems to help us weather the ups and downs of daily life.
(Steve Ayan. www.scientificamerican.com, 15.05.2018. Adaptado.)
1rose-colored glasses: expressão usada como referência a uma visão positiva ou idealista.
Consider the fragment from second paragraph “each of us tends to overlook our cognitive deficiencies”.
The best definition to the underlined word is
