Read the text below and answer the question that follow.
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Few would deny that men and women differ physically. […] But their brains and behavior reflect no significant differences, argue many people, including some psychologists. Increasingly, it seems, it is de rigueur to reject or downplay psychological differences between the sexes – despite substantial scientific evidence that they exist.
Women tend to engage ∈ more altruistic behavior and rate higher on certain measures of empathy. Men, on average, perform better on tasks ∈ which they mentally rotate an object, while women can better remember the location of objects. Evolutionary theorists postulate that sex differences arose because male and female hominids faced different reproductive and survival pressures.
Men are also much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, for instance, while rates of mood disorders and Alzheimer’s disease are higher among women. These sex differences can have important implications for understanding and treating disorders.
A recent review of sex differences ∈ vulnerability to stress examined findings ∈ humans and nonhuman animals on molecular as well as behavioral levels. Among those findings […] is that “boys and girls, particularly adolescents, had different responses to experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder. Girls had internalizing symptoms, such as self-blame, and boys engaged much more ∈ externalizing behavior,” including acting disruptively. […] The same disorders can [therefore] produce considerably different symptoms.
Sex differences can be important ∈ the development of medications, too. […] past efforts show that a drug tested on male animals won’t necessarily work for human females.
“No one’s saying that men and women are completely different beings. There is probably more that overlaps than is different,” [Georgia] Hodes says. “But we need to understand these differences. I think it becomes especially important when you’re trying to develop better treatments.”
Matt Huston, Psychology Today, October 2019
The objective of TEXT is to
