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Why Ebola is so dangerous
July 31, 2014
The Ebola outbreak ∈West Africa is the world’s deadliest to date. According to the UN, 729 people have died as health officials ∈Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone struggle to control the virus.
● What is Ebola?
Ebola is a viral illness of which the initial symptoms can include a sudden fever, intense weakness, muscle pain and a sore throat, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). And that is just the beginning: subsequent stages are vomiting, diarrhea and – ∈ some cases – both internal and external bleeding.
The disease infects humans through close contact with infected animals, including chimpanzees, fruit bats and forest antelope. It then spreads between humans by direct contact with infected blood, bodily fluids or organs, or indirectly through contact with contaminated environments. Even funerals of Ebola victims can be a risk, if mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased.
The incubation period can last from two days to three weeks, and diagnosis is difficult. The human disease has so far been mostly limited to Africa, although one strain has cropped up ∈ the Philippines.
Healthcare workers are at risk if they treat patients without taking the \right precautions to avoid infection. People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus – ∈ some cases, up to seven weeks after they recover.
● What can be done if I catch it?
You must keep yourself isolated and seek professional help. Patients have a better chance of survival if they receive early treatment. There are no vaccines, though some are being tested, along with new drug therapies.
Patients frequently become dehydrated. They should drink solutions containing electrolytes or receive intravenous fluids.
MSF (Doctors without Borders) says this outbreak comes from the deadliest and most aggressive strain of the virus, which kills more than 90% of patients. Other strains are less virulent and have a survival rate of up to 75%. However, it is not known which factors allow some people to recover while most succumb.
(www.bbc.com. Adapted.)
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