Questão 77

    Our planet has just seen its hottest month on record, with many places on fire or flooded. [...] However, not everyone notices or feels this threat to the same extent. [...] In our study, we wanted to find out how British people who live $\in$ cities experience the threat of climate change, compared with people who live rurally. Based on a representative sample of 1,071 survey respondents from across the UK, we found that people $\in$ rural areas showed higher degrees of place attachment than people living $\in$ cities, as we expected. However, we were surprised to see that the perceived threat of climate change $\in$ the most rural locations was lower. […] there are three compelling explanations.

1. Awareness

    People $\in$ rural areas may not be as aware of climate change as people $\in$ cities. [...] However, looking more closely, the effect is mostly down to education rather than whether people live $\in$ rural areas or not. [...]

2. Experience

    People $\in$ rural areas may not experience climate change $\in$ the same way as people $\in$ cities. This is because rural areas have higher levels of green   than urban areas. For example, you will feel the heat less when you are surrounded by trees.

3. Resilience

    [...] Rural people may be aware of climate change and they may experience it like everyone else, but they may have better ways of coping with it than city dwellers because of their closer relationship with nature. This may have taught them to be more flexible $\in$ how they deal with change. [...]

    Climate change is certainly worrying for most of us and sometimes linked with heightened anxiety. [...] What matters is what we do $\in$ our everyday lives, how much we recognise that things are changing and whether we are willing to take action.

Disponível e adaptado de: https://theconversation.com/why-yourperception-of-climate-change-threats-might-depend-on-where-youlive-new-research-212888 Acesso em: 13 set. 2023.

Put simply, net zero means cutting greenhouse gas emissions to as close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions re-absorbed from the atmosphere, by oceans and forests for instance.

Transitioning to a net-zero world is one of the greatest challenges humankind has faced. It calls for nothing less than a complete transformation of how we produce, consume, and move about. The energy sector is the source of around three-quarters of greenhouse gas emissions today and holds the key to averting the worst effects of climate change. Replacing polluting coal, gas and oil-fired power with energy from renewable sources, such as wind or solar, would dramatically reduce carbon emissions.

Yes, a growing coalition of countries, cities, businesses and other institutions are pledging to get to net-zero emissions. More than 70 countries, including the biggest polluters – China, the United States, and the European Union – have set a net-zero target, covering about 76% of global emissions. More than 3,000 businesses and financial institutions are working with the Science-Based Targets Initiative to reduce their emissions $\in$ line with climate science. And more than 1000 cities, over 1000 educational institutions, and over 400 financial institutions have joined the Race to Zero, pledging to take rigorous, immediate action to halve global emissions by 2030.

The growth $\in$ net-zero pledges has been accompanied by a proliferation of criteria with varying levels of robustness. To develop stronger and clearer standards for net-zero emissions pledges by non-State entities such as businesses, investors, cities and regions, and speed up their implementation, UN Secretary-General António Guterres $\in M$arch 2022 established a High-Level Expert Group on the Net-Zero Emissions Commitments of NonState Entities. The Expert Group presented its recommendations at COP27 on 8 November 2022.

No, commitments made by governments to date fall far short of what is required. Current national climate plans – for 193 Parties to the Paris Agreement taken together – would lead to a sizable increase of almost 11% $\in$ global greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared to 2010 levels. Getting to net zero requires all governments – first and foremost the biggest emitters – to significantly strengthen their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and take bold, immediate steps towards reducing emissions now. The Glasgow Climate Pact called on all countries to revisit and strengthen the 2030 targets $\in$ their NDCs by the end of 2022, but only 24 new or updated climate plans were submitted by September 2022.

Disponível e adaptado de: https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/net-zero-coalition Acesso em: 22 set. 2023.

Adverbs of manner are words or phrases that describe how an action is done $\in$ the context of a sentence.

According to the use $\in T$ext, choose the option that shows a sequence of adverbs of manner.