Based on the text below, answer question
How New Words Are Created
Below we can find the description of five different processes that have led to the creation of new words ∈ the English language.
(I)
Many of the new words added to the ever-growing lexicon of the English language are Just created out of the blue, and often have little or no etymological pedigree. A good example is the word dog, etymologically unrelated to any other known word, which, ∈ the late Middle Ages, suddenly and mysteriously displaced the Old English word hound (or hund) which had served for centuries.
(II)
Some words arise simply as shortened forms of longer words (exam, gym, lab, bus, vet, phone and burger are some obvious and well- used examples). Perhaps less obvious is the derivation of words like goodbye (a shortening of God-be-with-you) and hello (a shortened form of the Old English for “whole be thou”).
(III)
Like many languages, English allows the formation of words by joining together shorter words (e.g. airport, seashore, fireplace, etc.). The concatenation of words ∈English may even allow for different meanings depending on the order of combination (e.g. houseboat/boathouse, casebook/bookcase, etc).
(IV)
The drift of word meanings over time often arises, often but not always due to catachresis. By some estimates, over half of all words adopted into English from Latin have changed their meaning ∈ some way over time, often drastically. For example, smart originally meant sharp, cutting or painful; A more modern example is the changing meaning of gay from merry to homosexual (and, ∈ some circles ∈ more recent vears, to stupid or bad).
(V)
New words may arise due to mishearings or misrenderings. According to the “Oxford English Dictionary”, there are at least 350 words ∈English dictionaries (most of them thankfully quite obscure) that owe their existence purely to typos or other misrenderings (e.g. shamefaced from the original shamefast, penthouse from pentice, sweetheart from sweetard, buttonhole from button-hold, etc).
(Adapted from http://www. thehistoryofenglish.com/issues new.html)
The following headings have been removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V).
Choose the alternative which presents them ∈ the correct order.
1 - Change ∈ the Meaning of Existing Words
2 - Creation from Scratch
3 - Fusion or Compounding Existing Words
4 - Truncation or Clipping
5 - Errors
