Questão 16

Responder a questão com base no texto.

Steve Rose - 9 Sep 2020

The Academy has made a set of rules for best picture
nominees that almost every film already meets. So
will they lead to any actual change? Under the new
regulations, which will come into effect for the 2025
[05] Oscars, entries for best picture must satisfy two of
four criteria to be eligible. The headline criterion is onscreen representation: at least one lead character $\in$
the movie must be from “an underrepresented racial
or ethnic group”; at least 30% of the general ensemble
cast must be from at least two underrepresented
[10] groups (women, racial, ethnic, LGBTQ+, or people
with disabilities); or the movie’s subject must concern
one of those groups.

Predictably, the backlash has already begun. The
[15] Academy’s announcement was greeted on its own
website by comments including: “You ruined the
Oscars. It’s no longer about a cinema as a genre of
art. Now it’s totally about politics,” and “forced rules on
diversity lower quality of the product”.

[20] The real question, though, is whether these criteria
will really change anything at all. Especially when
you look at the other inclusion categories. On-screen
representation is one of the four categories: “standard
A”. The others call for similar representation behind the
[25] camera: $\in$ key crew members and department heads
(standard B), $\in$ studios and distributors’ apprenticeship
schemes (C), and for representation $\in$ marketing,
publicity and distribution (D).

__________. Standard B, for example, covers 14
[30] key positions. Some of those are still white and maledominated, such as director and cinematographer;
others are already mostly done by women. According
to Women $\in H$ollywood’s statistics for movies released
$\in 2018$, a total of 84% of costume designers were
[35] women, as were 83% of casting directors, 78% of hair
department heads and 76% of makeup department
heads.

The overwhelming majority $\in$ each case were white
women. So to tick box B, most movies would not
[40] have to change a thing. Categories C and D are not
necessarily difficult to satisfy either: most major studios
and films do already. So as long as you tick two of
the other boxes, you could still theoretically _______ 

an all-white, all-male remake of Birth of a Nation and
[45] certify. Which would at least _______ some of the
culture warriors.

The new inclusion standards were partly inspired
_______ a similar initiative launched by the British
Film Institute $\in 2014$, which demanded that films
[50] meet certain diversity standards _______ race and
gender inclusion to get BFI funding. A report on the
results _______ the initiative, however, found that
little progress had been made _______ discrimination
against black, Asian and minority ethnic professionals,
[55] before or behind the camera.

Far from suggesting the BFI’s initiative was a failure,
these findings prove how much they are needed.
They are evidence that those structural inequalities
exist, and that they are resistant to change. The
[60] word “underrepresented” is often glossed over as a
meaningless descriptor when $\in$ fact it is a literal and
accurate one.

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/ film/2020/sep/09/oscars-diversity-rules-hollywood

The same relation between “criteria” and “criterion” (line 06) is found, $\in$ the same order, $\in$ ______ and ______