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Water and Urbanization
A view of passengers aboard trains connecting the suburbs of Kolkata, India. The Asia-Pacific region is urbanizing rapidly with 1.77 billion people, 43% of the region’s population, living ∈ urban areas
Urban areas are expected to absorb all of the world’s population growth over the next four decades, as well as accommodating significant rural-to-urban migration. The vast majority of these people will be living ∈ overcrowded slums with inadequate, often non-existent, water and sanitation services.
Safe drinking water systems and adequate sanitation that effectively disposes of human waste will be essential to ensure cities and towns grow sustainably. Extending these services to the millions of urbanites currently unserved will play a key role ∈ underpinning the health and security of cities, protecting economies and ecosystems and minimising the risk of pandemics.
For the first time ∈ history, more than half of the global population live ∈ towns and cities. By 2050, that proportion is expected to rise to two-thirds. Population growth is happening fastest ∈ urban areas of less developed regions, with the urban population estimated to grow from 3.9 billion people today to 6.3 billion ∈2050.
Even though water and sanitation access rates are generally higher ∈ urban areas than rural, planning and infrastructure have been unable to keep pace ∈ many regions. Today, 700 million urbanites live without improved sanitation, contributing to poor health conditions and heavy pollution loads ∈ wastewater, and 156 million live without improved water sources.
However, cities provide significant opportunities for more integrated and sustainable water use and waste management. The positive impacts of these services, particularly for public health, spread rapidly and cost-effectively among densely populated unplanned settlements. Furthermore, more efficient use of water within cities and the safe reuse of more waste will put less strain on the surrounding ecosystems.
(www.unwater.org. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “as well as accommodating significant rural-to-urban migration”, a expressão sublinhada indica
